3d estimation

3d estimation performs parameter estimation using kriging and other methods to map 3D analytical data onto volumetric grids defined by the limits of the data set, or by the convex hull, rectilinear, or finite-difference grid extents of a geologic system modeled by gridding and horizons. The module provides several convenient options for pre- and post-processing input parameter values, and allows the user to consider anisotropy in the medium containing the property.

3d estimation also has the ability to create uniform fields, and allows the user to choose which data components to include in the output. Uniform fields require no geologic input and Adaptive Gridding must be turned off (otherwise the connectivity is not implicit).

The DrillGuide functionality produces a new input data file with a synthetic boring at the location of maximum uncertainty calculated from the previous kriging estimates, which can then be rerun to find the next area of highest uncertainty. There are no limits to the number of cycles that may be run.

Variogram Options:

There are three variogram options:

1. Spherical: the default and recommended choice for most applications
2. Exponential: generally gives similar results to Spherical and may be superior for some datasets
3. Gaussian: notoriously unstable, but can “smooth” your data with an appropriate nugget. Without a nugget term, Gaussian is generally unusable. If Gaussian kriging is overshooting the plume in various directions, the nugget is likely too small; if the plume looks overly smooth, the nugget is likely too big.

The “Power Factor” is only used for exponential or Gaussian variograms. The default value of 3 is the most common value for exponential. For Gaussian, 2 is most common, though values from 0.1 to 3 are typically acceptable.

Advanced Variography Options:

3d estimation supports complex directional anisotropic variography. The variogram is displayed as an ellipsoid that can be distorted to represent primary and secondary anisotropies and rotated to represent heading, dip, and roll. Overall scale and translation are provided as visual aids to compare the variogram to the data, though these do not affect the actual variogram.

Ports

Properties

Grid Settings

Data Processing

Krig Settings

Time Settings

Data To Export

Display Settings

Variography Display

Drill Guide

2d estimation

2d estimation performs parameter estimation using kriging and other methods to map 2D analytical data onto surface grids defined by the limits of the data set as rectilinear or convex hull extents of the input data.

Its Adaptive Gridding feature further subdivides individual elements to place a “kriged” node at the location of each input data sample. This guarantees that the output will accurately reflect the input at all measured locations (i.e. the maximum in the output will be the maximum of the input).

The DrillGuide functionality produces a new input data file with a synthetic boring at the location of maximum uncertainty calculated from the previous kriging estimates, which can then be rerun to find the next area of highest uncertainty. The naming of the “DrillGuide©” file which is created when 2d estimation is run with all types of analyte (e.g. chemistry) files ends in apdv1, apdv2, apdv3, etc. There are no limits to the number of cycles that may be run.

2d estimation also provides special data processing options that allow it to extract 2-dimensional data sets from input data files containing three-dimensional data, and allows detailed analyses of property characteristics along 2-dimensional planes through the data set. The module also provides options to magnify or distort the resulting grid by the kriged value of the property at each grid node, and allows automatic clamping of the data distribution along a boundary offset from the convex hull of the data domain.

Variogram Options:

There are three variogram options:

1. Spherical: the default and recommended choice for most applications
2. Exponential: generally gives similar results to Spherical and may be superior for some datasets
3. Gaussian: notoriously unstable, but can “smooth” your data with an appropriate nugget. Without a nugget term, Gaussian is generally unusable. If you find that Gaussian kriging is overshooting the plume, your nugget is likely too small; if the plume looks overly smooth, your nugget is likely too big.

Ports

Properties

Grid Settings

Data Processing

Krig Settings

Time Settings

Data To Export

Display Settings

Variography Display

Drill Guide

cross validation

The cross validation module evaluates the predictive accuracy of an interpolation model by systematically withholding subsets of the input data, re-running estimation on the remaining samples, and comparing the predicted values against the withheld actuals. Two methods are supported: K-Fold, which divides the data into K subsets that each take a turn as the validation set, and Leave One Out, which validates each individual sample or boring one at a time.

The module accepts interpolation options from an upstream estimation module and outputs a field containing the actual values, predicted values, and their differences. Summary statistics are displayed in the Properties panel after the run completes.

Ports

Properties

Export Options

Statistics

gridding and horizons

The gridding and horizons module uses data files containing geologic horizons or surfaces (usually .geo, .gmf, and other ctech formats) to model the surfaces bounding geologic layers that provide the framework for three-dimensional geologic modeling and parameter estimation. Conversion of scattered points to surfaces uses kriging (default), spline, IDW, or nearest neighbor algorithms.

gridding and horizons creates a 2D grid containing one or more elevations at each node. Each elevation represents a geologic surface at that point in space. The output can be sent to 3d estimation, horizons to 3d, horizons to 3d structured, surfaces from horizons, and other modules.

The module can produce layer surfaces within the convex hull of the data domain, within a rectilinear domain with equally spaced nodes, or within a rectilinear domain with specified cell sizes such as a finite-difference model grid. The finite-difference gridding capability allows the user to visually design a grid with variable spacing, then krige the geologic layer elevations directly to the finite-difference grid nodes.

gridding and horizons also has the ability to read .apdv, .aidv, and .pgf files to create a single geologic layer model. When such a file is read, the module interprets it as geology as follows: if top-of-boring elevations are provided, they define the ground surface; otherwise, the highest sample elevation in each boring is used. The bottom surface is created as a flat surface slightly below the lowest sample in the file.

Ports

Properties

Grid Settings

Krig Settings

Computational Settings

Variography Display

analytical realization

The analytical realization module is one of three similar modules (the other two are lithologic realization and stratigraphic realization), which allows you to very quickly generate statistical realizations of your 2D and 3D kriged models based upon C Tech’s Proprietary Extended Gaussian Geostatistical Simulation (GGS) technology, which we refer to as Fast Geostatistical Realizations^^®^ or FGR^^®^. Our extensions to GGS allow you to:

• Create realizations very rapidly
• Exercise greater control over the frequency and magnitude of noise typical in GGS
• Control deviation magnitudes from the nominal kriged prediction based on a Min Max Confidence Equivalent
  • Deviations are the absolute value of the changes to the analytical prediction (in user units)
• Apply Simple or Advanced Anisotropy control over 2D or 3D wavelengths

C Tech’s FGR^^®^ creates more plausible cases (realizations) which allow the nominal concentrations to deviate from the peak of the bell curve (equal probability of being an under-prediction as an over-prediction) by the same user-defined confidence. FGR allows the deviations to be both positive (max) and negative (min), and to fluctuate in a more realistic randomized manner.

Ports

Properties

Fast Geostatistical Realization

Min Max Plume Settings

Variography Display

stratigraphic realization

The stratigraphic realization module is one of three similar modules (the other two are analytical realization and lithologic realization), which allows you to very quickly generate statistical realizations of your stratigraphic horizons based upon C Tech’s Proprietary Extended Gaussian Geostatistical Simulation (GGS), which we refer to as Fast Geostatistical Realizations^^®^ or FGR^^®^. Our extensions to GGS allow you to:

• Create realizations rapidly
• Exercise greater control over the frequency and magnitude of noise typical in GGS
• Control deviation magnitudes from the nominal kriged prediction based on a Min Max Confidence Equivalent
  • Deviations are the absolute value of the changes to surface elevations for each stratigraphic horizon
• Apply Simple or Advanced Anisotropy control over 2D wavelengths
• For stratigraphic realizations only: Natural Neighbor interpolation is supported in addition to kriging for the input model.

Ports

Properties

Fast Geostatistical Realization

Variography Display

lithologic realization

The lithologic realization module is one of three similar modules (the other two are analytical realization and stratigraphic realization), which allows you to very quickly generate statistical realizations of your 2D and 3D lithologic models based upon C Tech’s Proprietary Extended Gaussian Geostatistical Simulation (GGS), which we refer to as Fast Geostatistical Realizations^^®^ or FGR^^®^. Our extensions to GGS allow you to:

• Create realizations rapidly
  • Lithologic realizations are the slowest of the three because the material probabilities must be additionally processed to assign materials
• Exercise greater control over the frequency and magnitude of visual noise typical of GGS
• Control deviation magnitudes from the nominal kriged probability prediction based on a Min Max Confidence Equivalent
  • Deviations are the absolute value of the changes to each material’s probability
• Apply Simple or Advanced Anisotropy control over 2D or 3D wavelengths

Ports

Properties

Fast Geostatistical Realization

Data To Export

Variography Display

lithologic assessment

The lithologic assessment module evaluates the quality of a lithologic model on an individual material basis. It works by shifting the realization probabilities toward the minimum or maximum plume bounds for a selected material, producing an output field that reflects a conservative or aggressive interpretation of material extent.

The assessment procedure is:

• Select the material to be assessed.
• Choose a Min Max Confidence Equivalent value (e.g., 95%). A value of 50% produces results equivalent to the nominal kriged model; higher confidence values (90%+) show greater deviation from the nominal.
• Select the direction (Min or Max) to shift toward.
• Choose the nodal and cell data components to include in the output.

Ports

Properties

Shift Settings

Data To Export

external kriging

The external kriging module allows users to perform estimation using grids created in EVS (with or without layers or lithology) in GeoEAS, which supports advanced variography and kriging techniques. Grids and data are exported from EVS in GeoEAS format, kriged externally, and the results can then be read back into EVS and treated as if they were kriged natively.

This is an advanced module intended for users with experience in GeoEAS and geostatistics. C Tech does not provide technical support for the use of GeoEAS.

The workflow has three stages: export the data (Export Data group), export the grid (Export Grid group), run the external kriging in GeoEAS, then import the results (Import Data group).

Ports

Properties

Export Data

Export Grid Requires Grid

Import Data Requires Grid

create stratigraphic hierarchy

The create stratigraphic hierarchy module reads a pregeology file (.pgf) and allows the user to interactively build geologic surfaces based on the input file’s geologic surface intersections. This process is carried out visually in the EVS viewer using the module’s user interface. The surface hierarchy can be generated automatically for simple geology models or layer-by-layer for complex models. When the user is finished creating surfaces, the GMF file can be finalized and converted into a .GEO file.

Ports

Properties

Geologic Hierarchy Options

Picked Data

Group Select

Sample Settings

Glyph Settings

Screen Settings

Label Settings

horizons to 3d

The horizons to 3d module creates 3-dimensional solid layers from the 2-dimensional surfaces produced by gridding and horizons, allowing visualization of the geologic layering of a system. It does this by creating a user-specified distribution of nodes in the Z dimension between the top and bottom surfaces of each geologic layer.

The Z Resolution nodes can be distributed proportionally across geologic layers based on each layer’s fractional thickness relative to the total geologic domain. When using proportional gridding, at least the specified minimum number of cell layers will be placed in each geologic layer.

If any portions of the input geology are NULL, those cells will be omitted from the output grid. This can save memory and provides a means to cut along boundaries.

Ports

Properties

Layer Settings

Data To Export

horizons to 3d structured

The horizons to 3d structured module creates 3-dimensional solid layers from the 2-dimensional surfaces produced by gridding and horizons, to allow visualizations of the geologic layering of a system. It accomplishes this by creating a user-specified distribution of nodes in the Z dimension between the top and bottom surfaces of each geologic layer.

This module is similar to horizons to 3d, but does not duplicate nodes at the layer boundaries and therefore the model it creates cannot be exploded into individual layers. However, this module has the advantage that its output is substantially more memory efficient and can be used with modules like crop and downsize or ortho slice.

The number of nodes specified for the Z Resolution may be distributed proportionately over the geologic layers in a manner that is approximately proportional to the fractional thickness of each layer relative to the total thickness of the geologic domain.

Ports

Properties

Layer Settings

Data To Export

layer from horizon

The layer from horizon module creates a single geologic layer based upon an existing surface and a constant elevation value. The Surface Definition option sets whether the selected surface defines the top or the bottom of the layer. For example, if Top Of Layer is chosen, the selected surface will define the top while the Constant Value will define the bottom of the layer. The Material Name and Material Number define the geologic layer name and number for the newly created layer.

Ports

Properties

surface from horizons

The surface from horizons module provides complete control of displaying, scaling, and exploding a single geologic surface from the set of surfaces output by gridding and horizons. This module allows visualization of the topology of any single surface, and can explode the geologic surface analogous to how explode and scale explodes layers created by horizons to 3d. The module also allows the user to color the surface according to its elevation or any other data component exported by gridding and horizons.

Ports

Properties

Surface Settings

Data Settings

surfaces from horizons

The surfaces from horizons module provides complete control of displaying, scaling, and exploding one or more geologic surfaces from the set of surfaces output by gridding and horizons. This module allows visualization of the topology of any or all surfaces and the interaction of a set of individual surfaces. It can explode geologic surfaces analogous to how explode and scale explodes layers created by horizons to 3d, and allows the user to color surfaces according to their elevation or any other data component exported by gridding and horizons.

Ports

Properties

Surface Settings

Data Settings

lithologic modeling

The lithologic modeling module is an alternative geologic modeling concept that uses geostatistics to assign each cell’s lithologic material as defined in a pregeology (.pgf) file, to cells in a 3D volumetric grid.

There are two Estimation Types. Nearest Neighbor is a quick method that merely finds the nearest lithology sample interval among all of your data and assigns that material. It is very fast, but generally should not be used for final work. Kriging provides the rigorous probabilistic approach to geologic indicator kriging. The probability for each material is computed for each cell center of your grid, and the material with the highest probability is assigned to the cell. All of the individual material probabilities are provided as additional cell data components, allowing you to identify regions where the material assignment is somewhat ambiguous.

There are also two Lithology Methods when Kriging is selected. The Block method is the quickest since probabilities are assigned directly to cells and lithology is determined based on the highest probability among all materials, but the resulting model is blocky and requires high grid resolutions. The Smooth method assigns probabilities to nodes and then interpolates between them, cutting the blocky grid and forming a smooth grid. Much lower grid resolutions can be used with the Smooth method, often achieving superior results.

Ports

Properties

Grid Settings

Krig Settings

Data To Export

Variography Display

Drill Guide

mask horizons

The mask horizons module receives geologic input and an optional input masking surface, allowing horizons to be masked by an input area, by a mathematical expression, or by a line. The mask is normally applied to the first surface only. If this surface is removed, the mask is lost. However, the Allow Subsetting toggle will apply the mask to all horizons at the cost of slower processing and higher memory usage.

Ports

Properties

Input Area Masking

Expression Masking

edit horizons

The edit horizons module is an interactive module that allows the user to probe points and selectively add them to the creation of each stratigraphic horizon. This provides the ability to manually edit horizon surfaces prior to the creation of geologic models.

The method of connecting edit horizons is unique among modules. It uses the stratigraphy output port from gridding and horizons as its primary input, and it also requires the viewer side port since it requires interactive probing. Its output port then becomes equivalent to the output of gridding and horizons, but with edited surfaces.

Regardless of the estimation method used originally, edit horizons uses Natural Neighbor to perform its near-real-time modifications. The Use Gradients toggle enables gradient estimation at the sample points to improve the interpolation result. The Horizon Point Radius is a distance in coordinate units; if a data point from the input geology comes within this radius of a horizon point, a warning is issued and the point handling is determined by the Horizon Point Behavior setting.

Ports

Properties

Glyph Settings

horizon ranking

The horizon ranking module gives the user control over individual surface priorities and rankings. This allows fine-tuning of the hierarchy in ways much more complex than a simple top-down or bottom-up approach.

Ports

Properties

material mapping

The material mapping module can re-assign data corresponding to geologic Layer, Material ID, or Lithology for the purpose of grouping. This provides flexibility for exploding models or coloring.

Groups are processed from top to bottom. You can have overlapping groups or groups whose range falls inside a previous group. In that event, the lower groups override the values mapped in a higher group. For example, if you have ten material IDs (0 through 9) and you want them all to be 0 except for 5 and 6 which should be 1, this can be accomplished with two groups: From 0 to 9 Map to 0, and From 5 to 6 Map to 1.

Ports

Properties

Material Map 1

Material Map 2

Material Map 3

Material Map 4

Material Map 5

Material Map 6

Material Map 7

Material Map 8

Material Map 9

Material Map 10

Material Map 11

Material Map 12

combine horizons

The combine horizons module is used to merge up to six geologic horizons (surfaces) to create a field representing multiple geologic layers. The mesh (X-Y coordinates) from the first input field will be the mesh in the output. The input fields should have the same scale and origin, and number of nodes in order for the output data to have any meaning.

The module provides an important ability to merge sets of surfaces or add additional surfaces to geologic models. When combine horizons is used to construct modified geologic horizons, its Geology Legend port must be used instead of the same port from gridding and horizons, because the legend port content must reflect the current set of surfaces and layers in the geology.

Ports

Properties

subset horizons

The subset horizons module allows you to subset the output of gridding and horizons so that downstream modules (3d estimation, horizons to 3d, surface from horizons) act on only a portion of the layers kriged. This is useful when you want or need to krige parameter data in each geologic layer separately.

This is not normally needed with contaminant data, but when kriging data such as porosity that is inherently discontinuous across layer boundaries, it is essential that each layer be kriged with data collected only within that layer. The module eliminates the need for multiple gridding and horizons modules reading data files that are subsets of a master geology. Inserting subset horizons between gridding and horizons and 3d estimation allows you to select one or more layers from the geology.

Ports

Properties

collapse horizons

The collapse horizons module allows you to subset the output of gridding and horizons so that downstream modules (3d estimation, horizons to 3d, surface from horizons) act on only a single merged layer. It merges all layers and corresponding surfaces exported from gridding and horizons into a single layer defined by the topmost and bottommost surfaces.

The module eliminates the need for multiple gridding and horizons modules reading data files that are single-layer subsets of a master geology. Inserting collapse horizons between gridding and horizons and 3d estimation kriges all data into a single geologic layer. When used with subset horizons, it allows creating a single layer that represents only a portion of the master geology file.

Ports

Properties

displace block

The displace block module receives any 3D field into its input port and outputs the same field translated in Z according to a selected nodal data component of an input surface, allowing for non-uniform fault block translation. This module allows for the creation of tear faults and other complex geologic structures. Used in conjunction with distance to surface, it makes it possible to easily model extremely complex deformations.

Ports

Properties

post samples

The post samples module is used to visualize:

• Sampling locations and the values of the properties in .apdv files
• The lithology specified in a .pgf, .lsdv, .lpdv or .geo files
• The location and values of well screens in a .aidv file

Along with a representation of the borings from which the samples/data were collected. The post samples module has the capability to process property values to make the posted data values consistent with data used in kriging modules. Data can be represented as spheres or any user specified glyph. The sampling locations may be colored and sized according to the magnitude of the property value, and labels can be applied to the sampling locations with several different options.

Each sampling location can be probed for data by holding the Ctrl button and left-clicking on the sample location.

When you read any of the supported file types, the module automatically selects the proper default settings to display that data type. However, some file formats can benefit from different options depending on your desires and the quantity of data present.

Below is the Properties window for post samples after reading a .PGF file. Note that “Samples” and “Screens” are selected.

The result in the viewer is below.

If we turn on Well Labels and Sample Labels (with some subsetting to declutter), the viewer shows:

The post samples module can also represent downhole geophysical logs or Cone Penetration Test (CPT) logs with tubes which are colored and/or sized according to the magnitude of the data. It can display nonvertical borings and data values collected along their length, and can also explode borings and sample locations to show their correct position within exploded geologic layering.

When used to read geology files, post samples will place surface indicators at the top (ground) surface and the bottom of each geologic layer that are colored according to the layer they depict. When a geology file (.geo or .gmf) is exploded without using geologic surface input from gridding and horizons there will be surface indicators at the top and bottom of each layer. You may color the borings by lithology.

Ports

Properties

Glyph Settings

Sample Settings

Subsetting Settings

Collapse To 2D

Geology Settings

Time Settings

Screen Settings

Boring Tube Settings

Color Tube Settings

Label Settings

explode and scale

The explode and scale module is used to separate (or explode) and apply a scaling factor to the vertical dimension (z-coordinate) of objects in a model. explode and scale can also translate the fields in the z direction, and control the visibility of individual cell sets (e.g. geologic layers).

Ports

Properties

Explode And Scale Settings

plume shell

The plume shell module creates the external faces of a volumetric subset of a 3D input. The resulting closed volume “shell” generally is used only as a visualization of a plume and would not be used as input for further subsetting or volumetric computations since it is hollow (empty). This module creates a superior visualization of a plume as compared with other modules such as plume passing to external faces and is quicker and more memory efficient.

Ports

Properties

Data Processing

Sequence Settings

External Faces

intersection shell

The intersection shell is a powerful module that incorporates some of the characteristics of plume shell, yet allows for a large number of sequential (serial) subsetting operations, just like intersection.

To get the functionality of (the now deprecated) constant shell module, you would turn off Include Varying Surface.

Because this module has “intersection” in its name, it allows you to add any number of subsetting operations.

Each operation can be “Above” or “Below” the specified Threshold value, which in Boolean terms corresponds to:

• A and B where both the A & B operations are set to Above or
• A and (NOT B) where the A operation is set to above and the B operation is set to Below.

However the operator is always “and” for intersection modules. If you need an “or” operator to achieve your subsetting, you need the union module.

This module creates an efficient and superior visualization of a plume that can be sent directly to the viewer for rendering. The intersection shell module outputs a specialized version of a sequentially subset plume that is suitable for VRML export for 3D printing to create full color physical models.

For output to 3D printing, please jump to the Issues for 3D Printing topic.

Without intersection shell it is very difficult if not impossible to create a VRML file suitable for printing, especially with complex models.

intersection shell is the module that can create an ISOSURFACE. In other words, a surface (not volume) representing part(s) of your plume.

It has two (+) toggles which control the visibility of a plume “shell”.

In general a plume external shell has two components: that portion which is exactly EQUAL to the Subsetting Level, and that portion which is greater than the Subsetting Level.

When both toggles are on (default) the plume is:

If you display only the Constant Surface (component 1) you get this:

If you display only the Varying Surface (component 2) you get this:

Ports

Properties

Subsetting Values

Data Processing

External Faces

change minmax

The change minmax module allows you to override the minimum and/or maximum data values for coloring purposes. This functionality is commonly needed when working with time-series data. For example, the user can set the minmax values to bracket the widest range achieved for many datasets, thus allowing consistent mapping from dataset to dataset during a time-series animation or individual sub-sites.

This way 100 ppm would always be red throughout the animation, and if some times did not reach a maximum of 100 ppm, there would be no red color mapping for those time-steps.

NOTE: The Clamp toggle actually changes the data. Use with caution as this will change volumetrics results.

Ports

Properties

Nodal Data Ranges

Cell Data Ranges

band data

band data provides a means to color surfaces or volumetric objects (converted to surfaces) in solid colored bands.

band data can contour by both nodal and cell data.

This module does not do subsetting like plume shell or plume. It is used in conjunction with these modules to change the way their output is colored.

Ports

Properties

volume renderer

volume renderer directly renders a 3D uniform field using either the Back-to-Front (BTF) or Ray-tracing volume rendering techniques. The Ray-tracing mode is available to both OpenGL and the software renderer. The BTF renderer, which is configured as the default, is available only in the OpenGL renderer.

NOTE: This module and its rendering technique are not supported in C Tech Web Scenes (CTWS files).

The basic concept of volume rendering is quite different than any other rendering technique in EVS. volume renderer converts data into a fuzzy transparent cloud where data values at each point in a 3D grid are represented by a particular color and opacity.

Ports

Properties

opacity by nodal data

opacity by nodal data provides a means to adjust the opacity (1 - transparency) of any object based on its data values using a simple ramp function which assigns a starting opacity to values less than or equal to the Level Start and an ending opacity to values greater than or equal to the Level End. The appearance of the resulting output is often similar in appearance to volume rendering. opacity by nodal data converts data into partially transparent surfaces where data values at each point in a grid are represented by a particular color and opacity.

NOTE: Any module connected after opacity by nodal data MUST have Normals Generation set to Vertex (if there is a Normals Generation toggle on the module’s panel, it must be OFF).

Ports

Properties

slope and aspect

The slope and aspect module determines the slope and aspect of a surface. The slope is the angle between the surface and the horizon. The aspect is the cardinal direction in degrees (rotating clockwise with 0 degrees being North) that the slope is facing.

Ports

Properties

select single data

The select single data module extracts a single data component from a field. select single data can extract scalar data components or vector components. Scalar components will be output as scalar components and vector components will be output as vector components.

Ports

Properties

import wavefront obj

The import wavefront obj module will only read Wavefront Technologies format .OBJ files which include object textures which are represented (included) as a single image file. Each file set is actually a set of 3 files which must always include the following 3 file types with the same base file name, which must be in the same folder:

1. The .obj file (this is the file that we browse for)
2. A .mtl (Material Template Library) file
3. An image file (e.g. .jpg) which is used for the texture. Note: there must be only ONE image/texture file. We do not support multiple texture files.

This module provides the user with the capability to integrate complex photo-realistic site plans, buildings, and other 3D features into the EVS visualization, to provide a frame of reference for understanding the three dimensional relationships between the site features, and characteristics of geologic, hydrologic, and chemical features.

Ports

Properties

Texture Options

Transform Settings

Export Settings

volumetrics

The volumetrics module is used to calculate the volumes and masses of soil, and chemicals in soils and ground water, within a user specified constant shell (surface of constant concentration), and set of geologic layers. The user inputs the units for the nodal properties, model coordinates, and the type of processing that has been applied to the nodal data values, specifies the subsetting level and soil and chemical properties to be used in the calculation, and the module performs an integration of both the soil volumes and chemical masses that are within the specified constant shell. The results of the integration are displayed in the EVS Information Window, and in the module output window.

The volumetrics module computes the volume and mass of everything passed to it. To compute the volume/mass of a plume, you must first use a module like plume or intersection to subset your model.

NOTE: Do not use plume shell or intersection shell upstream of volumetrics since their output is a hollow shell without any volume.

The volumetrics module computes volumes and masses of analytes using the following method:

• Each cell within the selected geologic units is analyzed
• The mass of analyte within the cell is integrated based on concentrations at all nodes (and computed cell division points)
• The volumes and masses of all cells are summed
• Centers of mass and eigenvectors are computed
• For soil calculations the mass of analyte is directly computed from the computed mass of soil (e.g. mg/kg). This is affected by the soil density parameter (all densities should be entered in gm/cc).
• For groundwater calculations, the mass of analyte (Chemical Mass) is computed by first determining the volume of water in each cell. This uses the porosity parameter and each individual cell’s volume. From the cell’s water volume, the mass of analyte is directly computed (e.g. mg/liter).
• The volume of analyte (Chemical Volume) is computed from the Chemical Mass using the Chemical Density parameter (all densities should be entered in gm/cc).

Connecting the second moment output port of volumetrics to the viewer will display the Second Moment Ellipsoid and the Eigenvectors (if turned on). Spatial Moment Analysis involves computing the zeroth, first, and second moments of a plume to provide measures of the mass, location of the center of mass, and spread of the plume.

Ports

Properties

Input Settings

Processing Settings

Output Settings

Area Moment Of Inertia

Volumetric Output

cell volumetrics

The cell volumetrics module provides cell by cell volumetrics data. It creates an output field with volume, contaminant mass, and cell centers for every cell in the grid. The user selects the analyte, cell sets, units, and soil properties, and the module computes volumetric data on a per-cell basis. Results can optionally be written to a tab-delimited file suitable for import into programs like Excel.

Ports

Properties

Input Settings

Output Settings

compute surface area

The compute surface area module is used to calculate the area of the entire field input. The input data must be a two dimensional data field output from a 2D estimation, slice, or any subsetting module which outputs two-dimensional data (slice, plume with 2D input, or plume shell). The module can compute either the full 3D surface area or the projected 2D plan area. The results of the integration are updated each time the input changes.

Ports

Properties

file statistics

The file statistics module is used to check the format of .apdv, .aidv, .geo, .gmf, .vdf, and .pgf files, and to calculate and display statistics about the data contained in these files. This module also calculates a frequency distribution of properties in the file. During execution, file statistics reads the file, displays an error message if the file contains errors in format or numeric values, and then displays the statistical results in the EVS Information window.

Ports

Properties

Data Processing

Glyph Settings

Time Settings

statistics

The statistics module is used to analyze the statistical distribution of a field with nodal data. The data field can contain any number of data components. Statistical analyses can only be performed on scalar nodal data components. An error occurs if a statistical analysis is attempted on vector data. Output from the statistics module appears in the EVS Information Window. Output consists of calculated min and max values, the mean and standard deviation of the data set, the distribution of the data set, and the coordinate extents of the model.

The first port (the leftmost one) should contain a mesh with nodal data. If no nodal data is present, statistics will only report the extents and centroid of your mesh. Data sent to the statistics module for analysis will reflect any data transformation or manipulation performed in the upstream modules. Any mesh data sent to the port is used for calculating the X, Y and Z coordinate ranges. The mesh coordinates have no effect on the data distribution. Cell based data is not used.

Ports

Properties

Statistic Settings

site planning

The site planning module is used to perform initial site assessment and well location planning. It generates and distributes a specified number of points within the bounds of an input field using an iterative algorithm. The module supports fixed user-specified points and can filter output by cell set type. Results can be displayed as vertices or sphere glyphs.

Ports

Properties

Settings

Display Settings

legend

The legend module is used to place a 2D legend which helps correlate colors to analytical values or materials. The legend shows the relationship between the selected data component for a particular module and the colors shown in the viewer. For this reason, the legend’s Input Object port must be connected to the output of a module which is connected to the viewer and is generally the dominant colored object in view.

Many modules with renderable output ports have a selector to choose which data component is used for coloring. The name of the selected data component will be displayed as the title of the legend if the label options are set to automatic (the default).

If the data component to be viewed is either Geo_Layer or Material_ID (for models where the grid is based upon geology), the Geology Legend port from gridding and horizons (or lithologic modeling) must also be connected to provide the geologic layer or material names for automatic labeling. When this port is connected it will have no effect if any other data component is selected.

The minimum and maximum values are taken from the data input as defined in the datamap. Labels can be placed at user defined intervals along the color scale bar. Labels can consist of user input alphanumerical values or automatically determined numerical values.

Ports

Properties

Scale Properties

Text Properties

3d legend

The 3d legend module is used to place a 3D legend in coordinate space which helps correlate colors to analytical values or materials. The legend shows the relationship between the selected data component for a particular module and the colors shown in the viewer. For this reason, the legend’s Input Object port must be connected to the output of a module which is connected to the viewer and is generally the dominant colored object in view.

Many modules with renderable output ports have a selector to choose which data component is used for coloring. The name of the selected data component will be displayed as the title of the legend if the label options are set to automatic (the default).

If the data component to be viewed is either Geo_Layer or Material_ID (for models where the grid is based upon geology), the Geology Legend port from gridding and horizons (or lithologic modeling) must also be connected to provide the geologic layer or material names for automatic labeling. When this port is connected it will have no effect if any other data component is selected.

The minimum and maximum values are taken from the data input as defined in the datamap. Labels can be placed at user defined intervals along the color scale bar. Labels can consist of user input alphanumerical values or automatically determined numerical values.

Ports

Properties

Legend 3D Options

Label Options