create stratigraphic hierarchy

The create stratigraphic hierarchy module reads a pregeology file (.pgf) and allows the user to interactively build geologic surfaces based on the input file’s geologic surface intersections. This process is carried out visually in the EVS viewer using the module’s user interface. The surface hierarchy can be generated automatically for simple geology models or layer-by-layer for complex models. When the user is finished creating surfaces, the GMF file can be finalized and converted into a .GEO file.

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Properties

Geologic Hierarchy Options

Picked Data

Group Select

Sample Settings

Glyph Settings

Screen Settings

Label Settings

horizons to 3d

The horizons to 3d module creates 3-dimensional solid layers from the 2-dimensional surfaces produced by gridding and horizons, allowing visualization of the geologic layering of a system. It does this by creating a user-specified distribution of nodes in the Z dimension between the top and bottom surfaces of each geologic layer.

The Z Resolution nodes can be distributed proportionally across geologic layers based on each layer’s fractional thickness relative to the total geologic domain. When using proportional gridding, at least the specified minimum number of cell layers will be placed in each geologic layer.

If any portions of the input geology are NULL, those cells will be omitted from the output grid. This can save memory and provides a means to cut along boundaries.

Ports

Properties

Layer Settings

Data To Export

horizons to 3d structured

The horizons to 3d structured module creates 3-dimensional solid layers from the 2-dimensional surfaces produced by gridding and horizons, to allow visualizations of the geologic layering of a system. It accomplishes this by creating a user-specified distribution of nodes in the Z dimension between the top and bottom surfaces of each geologic layer.

This module is similar to horizons to 3d, but does not duplicate nodes at the layer boundaries and therefore the model it creates cannot be exploded into individual layers. However, this module has the advantage that its output is substantially more memory efficient and can be used with modules like crop and downsize or ortho slice.

The number of nodes specified for the Z Resolution may be distributed proportionately over the geologic layers in a manner that is approximately proportional to the fractional thickness of each layer relative to the total thickness of the geologic domain.

Ports

Properties

Layer Settings

Data To Export

layer from horizon

The layer from horizon module creates a single geologic layer based upon an existing surface and a constant elevation value. The Surface Definition option sets whether the selected surface defines the top or the bottom of the layer. For example, if Top Of Layer is chosen, the selected surface will define the top while the Constant Value will define the bottom of the layer. The Material Name and Material Number define the geologic layer name and number for the newly created layer.

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Properties

surface from horizons

The surface from horizons module provides complete control of displaying, scaling, and exploding a single geologic surface from the set of surfaces output by gridding and horizons. This module allows visualization of the topology of any single surface, and can explode the geologic surface analogous to how explode and scale explodes layers created by horizons to 3d. The module also allows the user to color the surface according to its elevation or any other data component exported by gridding and horizons.

Ports

Properties

Surface Settings

Data Settings

surfaces from horizons

The surfaces from horizons module provides complete control of displaying, scaling, and exploding one or more geologic surfaces from the set of surfaces output by gridding and horizons. This module allows visualization of the topology of any or all surfaces and the interaction of a set of individual surfaces. It can explode geologic surfaces analogous to how explode and scale explodes layers created by horizons to 3d, and allows the user to color surfaces according to their elevation or any other data component exported by gridding and horizons.

Ports

Properties

Surface Settings

Data Settings

lithologic modeling

The lithologic modeling module is an alternative geologic modeling concept that uses geostatistics to assign each cell’s lithologic material as defined in a pregeology (.pgf) file, to cells in a 3D volumetric grid.

There are two Estimation Types. Nearest Neighbor is a quick method that merely finds the nearest lithology sample interval among all of your data and assigns that material. It is very fast, but generally should not be used for final work. Kriging provides the rigorous probabilistic approach to geologic indicator kriging. The probability for each material is computed for each cell center of your grid, and the material with the highest probability is assigned to the cell. All of the individual material probabilities are provided as additional cell data components, allowing you to identify regions where the material assignment is somewhat ambiguous.

There are also two Lithology Methods when Kriging is selected. The Block method is the quickest since probabilities are assigned directly to cells and lithology is determined based on the highest probability among all materials, but the resulting model is blocky and requires high grid resolutions. The Smooth method assigns probabilities to nodes and then interpolates between them, cutting the blocky grid and forming a smooth grid. Much lower grid resolutions can be used with the Smooth method, often achieving superior results.

Ports

Properties

Grid Settings

Krig Settings

Data To Export

Variography Display

Drill Guide

mask horizons

The mask horizons module receives geologic input and an optional input masking surface, allowing horizons to be masked by an input area, by a mathematical expression, or by a line. The mask is normally applied to the first surface only. If this surface is removed, the mask is lost. However, the Allow Subsetting toggle will apply the mask to all horizons at the cost of slower processing and higher memory usage.

Ports

Properties

Input Area Masking

Expression Masking

edit horizons

The edit horizons module is an interactive module that allows the user to probe points and selectively add them to the creation of each stratigraphic horizon. This provides the ability to manually edit horizon surfaces prior to the creation of geologic models.

The method of connecting edit horizons is unique among modules. It uses the stratigraphy output port from gridding and horizons as its primary input, and it also requires the viewer side port since it requires interactive probing. Its output port then becomes equivalent to the output of gridding and horizons, but with edited surfaces.

Regardless of the estimation method used originally, edit horizons uses Natural Neighbor to perform its near-real-time modifications. The Use Gradients toggle enables gradient estimation at the sample points to improve the interpolation result. The Horizon Point Radius is a distance in coordinate units; if a data point from the input geology comes within this radius of a horizon point, a warning is issued and the point handling is determined by the Horizon Point Behavior setting.

Ports

Properties

Glyph Settings

horizon ranking

The horizon ranking module gives the user control over individual surface priorities and rankings. This allows fine-tuning of the hierarchy in ways much more complex than a simple top-down or bottom-up approach.

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Properties

material mapping

The material mapping module can re-assign data corresponding to geologic Layer, Material ID, or Lithology for the purpose of grouping. This provides flexibility for exploding models or coloring.

Groups are processed from top to bottom. You can have overlapping groups or groups whose range falls inside a previous group. In that event, the lower groups override the values mapped in a higher group. For example, if you have ten material IDs (0 through 9) and you want them all to be 0 except for 5 and 6 which should be 1, this can be accomplished with two groups: From 0 to 9 Map to 0, and From 5 to 6 Map to 1.

Ports

Properties

Material Map 1

Material Map 2

Material Map 3

Material Map 4

Material Map 5

Material Map 6

Material Map 7

Material Map 8

Material Map 9

Material Map 10

Material Map 11

Material Map 12

combine horizons

The combine horizons module is used to merge up to six geologic horizons (surfaces) to create a field representing multiple geologic layers. The mesh (X-Y coordinates) from the first input field will be the mesh in the output. The input fields should have the same scale and origin, and number of nodes in order for the output data to have any meaning.

The module provides an important ability to merge sets of surfaces or add additional surfaces to geologic models. When combine horizons is used to construct modified geologic horizons, its Geology Legend port must be used instead of the same port from gridding and horizons, because the legend port content must reflect the current set of surfaces and layers in the geology.

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Properties

subset horizons

The subset horizons module allows you to subset the output of gridding and horizons so that downstream modules (3d estimation, horizons to 3d, surface from horizons) act on only a portion of the layers kriged. This is useful when you want or need to krige parameter data in each geologic layer separately.

This is not normally needed with contaminant data, but when kriging data such as porosity that is inherently discontinuous across layer boundaries, it is essential that each layer be kriged with data collected only within that layer. The module eliminates the need for multiple gridding and horizons modules reading data files that are subsets of a master geology. Inserting subset horizons between gridding and horizons and 3d estimation allows you to select one or more layers from the geology.

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Properties

collapse horizons

The collapse horizons module allows you to subset the output of gridding and horizons so that downstream modules (3d estimation, horizons to 3d, surface from horizons) act on only a single merged layer. It merges all layers and corresponding surfaces exported from gridding and horizons into a single layer defined by the topmost and bottommost surfaces.

The module eliminates the need for multiple gridding and horizons modules reading data files that are single-layer subsets of a master geology. Inserting collapse horizons between gridding and horizons and 3d estimation kriges all data into a single geologic layer. When used with subset horizons, it allows creating a single layer that represents only a portion of the master geology file.

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Properties

displace block

The displace block module receives any 3D field into its input port and outputs the same field translated in Z according to a selected nodal data component of an input surface, allowing for non-uniform fault block translation. This module allows for the creation of tear faults and other complex geologic structures. Used in conjunction with distance to surface, it makes it possible to easily model extremely complex deformations.

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Properties